Unless you've been brainwashed by the industry-funded Think Tanks, or insist upon hackneyed ideologically divided politics, then you'll be aware that Global Warming is occurring and we're responsible. We need to be taking action today to reduce Carbon levels below 350 parts per million and not wait for some "super duper" technology as John Howard called it come and save us.
The three sectors generate the most pollution: Power Generation, Transportation, and Agriculture.
What can be done about their emissions?

1) Power Generation:
The biggest and dirtiest contributor of power generations carbon emissions is Coal (the mines can also be debilitating to human health and the power stations quite radioactive while a recent event on the Great Barrier Reef demonstrates the stuff can be pretty tricky to transport-something nobody complains about like they do nuclear fuel/waste). Cutting it would put a major dent in this problem.
-Therefore we need to Phase Out Coal by 2030
-And place a Carbon Tax on overall emissions.
--This is far simpler for the Worlds powers to agree to and implement than Cap and Trade or Fee and Dividend or other dubious means.
-This encourages a move towards Low Emission (i.e. Natural Gas), No Emission Renewables (i.e. Solar & Wind), and Nuclear Power.
-The money collected from this can be passed back to the individual through a reduction of another tax or cash transfer or a combination of both.
2) Transportation:
It doesn't take a genius to see that people in cars and freight on trucks is going to be generating a lot more pollution than those same number of people on a passenger train and all those trucks freight on a single train.
In Perth and Adelaide they know what they're doing with Public Transportation: WA has built a new 70m commuter train line and SA is planning a massive upgrade converting all but one of the commuter train lines (a bridge is too low on one railway) to electric operation and expanding their single remaining tram route into a network of lines criss-crossing the city.
While the Resource Boom in WA, NT, and QLD is largely carried on freight trains.
But in Victoria & NSW a different thinking prevails. Roads, Highways, Freeways, Tollways, and more Roads.
(As I live in Melbourne I can only comment best on the state of Victoria and the limited amount I know of other states, feel free to inform me of more and post your own suggestions)
-Rail freight in both has all but dried up, pushing goods on to ever more trucks on the roads. This needs to be reversed.
-Sydneys Western Suburbs are in desperate need of a railway line. Relying solely on tollways and indirect bus routes is crushing the people there.
-Sydneys central City area needs a return of the tram, not a short subway tunnel just a few blocks away from a pre-existing line.
-A moratorium on more freeway construction ought to be declared in Victoria. We've had 10 built in the past 40 years and the current solution to transport problems is to build more linking the existing and then new ones in the North and West coupled with new suburban land developments out in the middle of nowhere.
-Melbournes commuter train lines need to be brought into the 21st century (or even just into the 20th century in some cases). Maintenance and upgrades have been neglected for decades. Track and signal need modernisation to allow for more frequent and faster services, currently this is very spotty with portions of a line being decrepit and portions fair and portions modernised. Remaining single lines require duplication to maximize services.
-Melbournes Rowville and Doncaster require railway lines.
-Could the more regional cities with populations in just the hundreds of thousands also benefit from 1 to 3 or more tram routes being built?
-The numerous subsidies and tax breaks cars, trucking, and air travel receive need to be eliminated creating a greater incentive to use public transportation. And only when the airline industry has to foot the real bill and then pass it on to the consumer can we consider High-Speed Rail.

This are all quite modest. Its not suggesting we live like primitives or a Greenies misguided belief we can do it all with solar power. It is all existing technology that we use today and industry profits from, there isn't anything exotic and unproven like Wave or Dry Hot Rock or Orbital Solar Panels (or Carbon Sequestration for that matter).
Yes Coal will be eventually retired and car & trucking use reduced significantly but there will be a scaling up of other energy industries and public transportation. I do not believe there there will be a net job loss in fact there could even be job creation.

http://www.themonthly.com.au/james-hansen-looking-real-solutions-after-copenhagen-2342 & http://www.usyd.edu.au/sydney_ideas/lectures/2010/professor_james_hansen.shtml
http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2008/s2764523.htm
http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/clive-spash-resigns-from-csiro-after-climate-report-censorship/story-e6frfku0-1225806539742
http://www.democracynow.org/2009/11/12/defying_gag_order_epa_attorneys_speak
http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/29127316/the_great_american_bubble_machine/7
http://yubanet.com/opinions/Laurie-Williams-and-Allan-Zabel-Urgent-Plea-for-Enactment-of-Carbon-Fees-and-Ban-on-New-Coal-Fired-Power-Plants-without-Carbon-Sequestration.php